MESS(6)

NAME
MESS - The Multiple Emulator Super System

SYNOPSIS
mess system [media software] [options]

DESCRIPTION
MESS documents the hardware for a wide variety of (mostly vintage) computers, video game consoles, and calculators through software emulation. As a nice side effect, MESS allows software and games for these hardware platforms to run on modern PCs.

SOFTWARE
A software entry may be specified to attach an image file to the emulated system. In such a case, the appropriate media switch is also required:

-cart, -cart1
    Cartrigde, used mainly by game consoles

-cass
    Cassette (tape), widely used by old home computers

-flop, -flop1
    Floppy disk

-cdrom
    CD-Rom

OPTIONS

  Core commands

-help, -?
    Displays current MESS version and copyright notice.

-validate, -valid
    Performs internal validation on every driver in MESS. Run this before submitting changes to ensure that you haven't violated any of the core system rules.

  Configuration commands

-createconfig, -cc
    Creates the default mess.ini file in the current directory. All the configuration options (not commands) described below can be permanently changed by editing this configuration file.

-showconfig, -sc
    Displays the current configuration settings.

-showusage, -su
    Displays a summary of all the command line options. For options that are not mentioned here, the short summary given by -showusage is usually sufficient.

  Frontend commands
All the list commands below write info to the screen. If you wish to write the info to a textfile instead, use redirection. For example, mess -listxml > ~/messlist.xml writes the full list of supported systems to messlist.xml in your home directory.

-listxml, -lx [system|wildcard]
    List comprehensive details for all of the supported systems. The output is quite long, so it is usually better to redirect this into a file. The output is in XML format. By default all systems are listed; however, you can limit this list by specifying a driver name or wildcard.

-listfull, -ll [system|wildcard]
    Displays a list of system driver names and descriptions. By default all systems are listed; however, you can limit this list by specifying a driver name or wildcard.

-listsource, -ls [system|wildcard]
    Displays a list of drivers and the names of the source files their system drivers live in. Useful for finding which driver a system runs on in order to fix bugs. By default all systems are listed; however, you can limit this list by specifying a driver name or wildcard.

-listclones, -lc [system|wildcard]
    Displays a list of clones. By default all clones are listed; however, you can limit this list by specifying a driver name or wildcard.

-listbrothers, -lb [system|wildcard]
    Displays a list of "brothers" or other drivers from same sourcefile. By default all systems are listed; however, you can limit this list by specifying a driver name or wildcard.

-listcrc
    Displays a full list of CRCs of all ROM images referenced by all drivers within MESS code.

-listroms, -lr system
    Displays a list of ROM images referenced by the specified system.

-listsamples system
    Displays a list of samples referenced by the specified system.

-verifyroms [system|wildcard]
    Checks for invalid or missing ROM images. By default all drivers that have valid ZIP files or directories in the rom path are verified; however, you can limit this list by specifying a driver name or wildcard.

-verifysamples [system|wildcard]
    Checks for invalid or missing samples. By default all drivers that have valid ZIP files or directories in the samplepath are verified; however, you can limit this list by specifying a driver name or wildcard.

-romident
    Attempts to identify ROM files, if they are known to MESS, in the specified .zip file or directory. This command can be used to try and identify ROM sets taken from unknown boards. On exit, the errorlevel is returned as one of the following:
    0 all files were identified
    7 all files were identified except for some "non-ROM" files
    8 some files were identified
    9 no files were identified

-listdevices, -ld
    Output the list of devices referenced by a given system or set of systems.

-listslots, -lslot
    Output the list of available slots and slot devices for the system.

-listmedia, -lm
    Output the list of available media for the system.

-listsoftware, -lsoft
    Output the list of known software for the system.

-verifysoftware, -vsoft [gamename|wildcard]
    Checks for invalid or missing ROM images in your software lists. By default all drivers that have valid ZIP files or directories in the rompath are verified; however, you can limit this list by specifying a specific driver name or wildcard.

-getsoftlist, -glist
    Retrieve software list by name.

-verifysoftlist, -vlist [softwarelistname]
    Checks a specified software list for missing ROM images if files exist for issued softwarelistname. By default, all drivers that have valid ZIP files or directories in the rompath are verified; however, you can limit this list by specifying a specific softwarelistname (without .XML).

-listmidi, -mlist
    List available MIDI I/O devices.

-listnetwork, -nlist
    List available network adapters.

  Configuration options

-[no]readconfig, -[no]rc
    Enables or disables the reading of the config files. When enabled (which is the default), MESS reads the following config files in order:
    1. mess.ini
    the main configuration file
    2. [driver].ini
    based on the source file name of the system driver
    3. [parent].ini
    for clones only, may be called recursively
    4. [system].ini
    note this sometimes resolves to the same of the source driver

The settings in the later ini's override those in the earlier ini's. The default is ON (-readconfig).

-[no]writeconfig, -[no]wc
    Write configuration to [driver].ini on exit. Default is OFF (-nowriteconfig).

  Search path options
Be careful to use the path, directory and file options in mess.ini ONLY. Otherwise, the outcome may be unpredictable and not consistent across releases.

-rompath, -rp, -biospath, -bp pathname
    Specifies a list of paths within which to find ROM or hard disk images. Multiple paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons. The default is 'roms' (that is, a directory 'roms' in the same directory as the MESS executable).

-hashpath pathname
    Specifies a list of paths within which to search for software hash files. Multiple paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons. The default is 'hash' (that is, a directory 'hash' in the same directory as the MESS executable).

-samplepath, -sp pathname
    Specifies a list of paths within which to find sample files. Multiple paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons. The default is 'samples' (that is, a directory 'samples' in the same directory as the MESS executable).

-artpath, -artwork_directory pathname
    Specifies a list of paths within which to find artwork files. Multiple paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons. The default is 'artwork' (that is, a directory 'artwork' in the same directory as the MESS executable).

-ctrlrpath, -ctrlr_directory pathname
    Specifies a list of paths within which to find controller-specific configuration files. Multiple paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons. The default is 'ctrlr' (that is, a directory 'ctrlr' in the same directory as the MESS executable).

-inipath pathname
    Specifies a list of paths within which to find .ini files. Multiple paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons. The default is '/etc/mess'.

-fontpath pathname
    Specifies a list of paths within which to find .bdf font files. Multiple paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons. The default is '.' (that is, search in the same directory as the MESS executable).

-cheatpath pathname
    Specifies a list of paths within which to find cheat files. Multiple paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons. The default is 'cheat' (that is, a directory 'cheat' in the same directory as the MESS executable).

-crosshairpath pathname
    Specifies a list of paths within which to find crosshair files. Multiple paths can be specified by separating them with semicolons. The default is 'crosshair' (that is, a directory 'crosshair' in the same directory as the MESS executable). If the Crosshair is set to default in the menu, MESS will look for system/cross#.png and then cross#.png in the specified path, where # is the player number. Failing that, MESS will use built-in default crosshairs.

  Output Directory Options

-cfg_directory pathname
    Specifies a single directory where configuration files are stored. Configuration files store user configurable settings that are read at startup and written when MESS exits. The default is 'cfg' (that is, a directory 'cfg' in the same directory as the MESS executable). If this directory does not exist, it will be automatically created.

-nvram_directory pathname
    Specifies a single directory where NVRAM files are stored. NVRAM files store the contents of EEPROM and non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) for systems which used this type of hardware. This data is read at startup and written when MESS exits. The default is 'nvram' (that is, a directory 'nvram' in the same directory as the MESS executable). If this directory does not exist, it will be automatically created.

-input_directory pathname
    Specifies a single directory where input recording files are stored. Input recordings are created via the -record option and played back via the -playback option. The default is 'inp' (that is, a directory 'inp' in the same directory as the MESS executable). If this directory does not exist, it will be automatically created.

-state_directory pathname
    Specifies a single directory where save state files are stored. Save state files are read and written either upon user request, or when using the -autosave option. The default is 'sta' (that is, a directory 'sta' in the same directory as the MESS executable). If this directory does not exist, it will be automatically created.

-snapshot_directory pathname
    Specifies a single directory where screen snapshots are stored, when requested by the user. The default is 'snap' (that is, a directory 'snap' in the same directory as the MESS executable). If this directory does not exist, it will be automatically created.

-diff_directory pathname
    Specifies a single directory where hard drive differencing files are stored. Hard drive differencing files store any data that is written back to a hard disk image, in order to preserve the original image. The differencing files are created at startup when a system with a hard disk image. The default is 'diff' (that is, a directory 'diff' in the same directory as the MESS executable). If this directory does not exist, it will be automatically created.

-comment_directory pathname
    Specifies a single directory where debugger comment files are stored. Debugger comment files are written by the debugger when comments are added to the disassembly for a system. The default is 'comments' (that is, a directory 'comments' in the same directory as the MESS executable). If this directory does not exist, it will be automatically created.

  State/playback options

-state slot
    Immediately after starting the specified system, will cause the save state in the specified slot to be loaded.

-[no]autosave
    When enabled, automatically creates a save state file when exiting MESS and automatically attempts to reload it when later starting MESS with the same system. This only works for systems that have explicitly enabled save state support in their driver. The default is OFF (-noautosave).

-playback, -pb filename
    Specifies a file from which to play back a series of system inputs. This feature does not work reliably for all systems, but can be used to watch a previously recorded system session from start to finish. In order to make things consistent, you should only record and playback with all configuration (.cfg), NVRAM (.nv), and memory card files deleted. The default is NULL (no playback).

-[no]exit_after_playback
    If play back is enabled (see -playback option) the program exits when end of file is reached. Otherwise the machine will continue to run. Default is OFF (-noexit_after_playback).

-record, -rec filename
    Specifies a file to record all input from a system session. This can be used to record a system session for later playback. This feature does not work reliably for all systems, but can be used to watch a previously recorded system session from start to finish. In order to make things consistent, you should only record and playback with all configuration (.cfg), NVRAM (.nv), and memory card files deleted. The default is NULL (no recording).

-[no]record_timecode
    Specify whether to create a timecode file. It contains a line with elapsed times on each press of timecode shortcut key (default is F12). This option works only when recording mode is enabled (-record option). The file is saved on inp folder. Default is OFF (-norecord_timecode).

-mngwrite filename
    Writes each video frame to the given file in MNG format, producing an animation of the system session. Note that -mngwrite only writes video frames; it does not save any audio data. Use -wavwrite for that, and reassemble the audio/video using offline tools. The default is NULL (no recording).

-aviwrite filename
    Stream video and sound data to the given file in AVI format, producing an animation of the system session complete with sound. The default is NULL (no recording).

-wavwrite filename
    Writes the final mixer output to the given file in WAV format, producing an audio recording of the system session. The default is NULL (no recording).

-snapname string
    Describes how MESS should name files for snapshots. string provides a template that is used to generate a filename. Three simple substitutions are provided: the / character represents the path separator on any target platform (even Windows); the literal %g represents the driver name of the current system; and the literal %i represents an incrementing index. If %i is omitted, then each snapshot taken will overwrite the previous one; otherwise, MESS will find the next empty value for %i and use that for a filename. The default is '%g/%i', which creates a separate folder for each game, and names the snapshots under it starting with 0000 and increasing from there. In addition to the above, for drivers using different media, like carts or floppy disks, you can also use the %d_[media] indicator. Replace [media] with the media switch you want to use. A few examples: if you use mess nes -cart robby -snapname %g/%d_cart snapshots will be saved as snaps/nes/robby.png; if you use mess c64 -flop1 robby -snapname %g/%d_flop1/%i snapshots will be saved as snaps/c64/robby/0000.png.

-snapsize widthxheight
    Hard-codes the size for snapshots and movie recording. By default, MESS will create snapshots at the system's current resolution in raw pixels, and will create movies at the system's starting resolution in raw pixels. If you specify this option, then MESS will create both snapshots and movies at the size specified, and will bilinear filter the result. Note that this size does not automatically rotate if the system is vertically oriented. The default is 'auto'.

-snapview internal|auto|viewname
    Specifies the view to use when rendering snapshots and movies. By default, both use a special 'internal' view, which renders a separate snapshot per screen or renders movies only of the first screen. By specifying this option, you can override this default behavior and select a single view that will apply to all snapshots and movies. Note that viewname does not need to be a perfect match; rather, it will select the first view whose name matches all the characters specified by viewname. For example, -snapview native will match the "Native (15:14)" view even though it is not a perfect match. viewname can also be 'auto', which selects the first view with all screens present. The default value is 'internal'.

-[no]snapbilinear
    Specify whether snapshot/movie should have bilinear filtering applied. Default is ON (-snapbilinear).

-statename string
    Describes how MESS should store save state files, relative to the state_directory path. string provides a template that is used to generate a relative path. Two simple substitutions are provided: the / character represents the path separator on any target platform (even Windows); the literal %g represents the driver name of the current game. The default is '%g', which creates a separate folder for each game. In addition to the above, for drivers using different media, like carts or floppy disks, you can also use the %d_[media] indicator. Replace [media] with the media switch you want to use. A few examples: if you use mess nes -cart robby -statename %g/%d_cart save states will be stored inside sta/nes/robby/; if you use mess c64 -flop1 robby -statename %g/%d_flop1 save states will be stored inside sta/c64/robby/.

-[no]burnin
    Tracks brightness of the screen during play and at the end of emulation generates a PNG that can be used to simulate burn-in effects on other systems. The resulting PNG is created such that the least-used areas of the screen are fully white (since burned-in areas are darker, all other areas of the screen must be lightened a touch). The intention is that this PNG can be loaded via an artwork file with a low alpha (e.g, 0.1-0.2 seems to work well) and blended over the entire screen. The PNG files are saved in the snap directory under the system/burnin-<screen.name>.png. The default is OFF (-noburnin).

  Performance options

-[no]autoframeskip, -[no]afs
    Automatically determines the frameskip level while you're playing the system, adjusting it constantly in a frantic attempt to keep the system running at full speed. Turning this on overrides the value you have set for -frameskip below. The default is OFF (-noautoframeskip).

-frameskip, -fs value
    Specifies the frameskip value (autoframeskip must be disabled). This is the number of frames out of every 12 to drop when running. For example, if you say -frameskip 2, then MESS will display 10 out of every 12 frames. By skipping those frames, you may be able to get full speed in a system that requires more horsepower than your computer has. The default value is 0, which skips no frames.

-seconds_to_run, -str value
    This option can be used for benchmarking and automated testing. It tells MESS to stop execution after a fixed number of seconds. By combining this with a fixed set of other command line options, you can set up a consistent environment for benchmarking MESS performance. In addition, upon exit, the -str option will write a screenshot called final.png to the system's snapshot directory.

-[no]throttle
    Configures the default thottling setting. When throttling is on, MESS attempts to keep the system running at the system's intended speed. When throttling is off, MESS runs the system as fast as it can. Note that the fastest speed is more often than not limited by your graphics card, especially for older systems. The default is ON (-throttle).

-[no]sleep
    Allows MESS to give time back to the system when running with -throttle. This allows other programs to have some CPU time, assuming that the system isn't taxing 100% of your CPU resources. This option can potentially cause hiccups in performance if other demanding programs are running. The default is ON (-sleep).

-speed value
    Controls the speed of gameplay, relative to realtime; smaller numbers are slower. Default is 1.00.

-[no]refreshspeed, -[no]rs
    Automatically adjusts the -speed parameter to keep the effective refresh rate below that of the lowest screen refresh rate. Default is OFF (-norefreshspeed).

-[no]multithreading, -[no]mt
    Enable multithreading; this enables rendering and blitting on a separate thread. The default is OFF (-nomultithreading).

-numprocessors, -np value
    Set number of processors; this overrides the number the system reports.

-bench value
    Benchmark for the given number of emulated seconds; implies -video none -sound none -nothrottle.

-[no]sdlvideofps
    Show SDL video performance. Default is OFF (-nosdlvideofps).

  Rotation options

-[no]rotate
    Rotate the system to match its normal state (horizontal/vertical). This ensures that both vertically and horizontally oriented systems show up correctly without the need to rotate your monitor. If you want to keep the system displaying 'raw' on the screen the way the actual machine would have, turn this option off. The default is ON (-rotate).

-[no]ror -[no]rol
    Rotate the system screen to the right (clockwise) or left (counter-clockwise) relative to either its normal state (if -rotate is specified) or its native state (if -norotate is specified). Default for both is OFF (-noror -norol).

-[no]autoror -[no]autorol
    These options are designed for use with pivoting screens that only pivot in a single direction. If your screen only pivots clockwise, use -autorol to ensure that the system will fill the screen either horizontally or vertically in one of the directions you can handle. If your screen only pivots counter-clockwise, use -autoror. Default for both is OFF (-noautoror -noautorol).

-[no]flipx -[no]flipy
    Flip (mirror) the system screen either horizontally (-flipx) or vertically (-flipy). The flips are applied after the -rotate and -ror/-rol options are applied. Default for both is OFF (-noflipx -noflipy).

  Artwork options

-[no]artwork_crop, -[no]artcrop
    Enable cropping of artwork to the system screen area only. This option can also be controlled via the Video Options menu in the user interface. The default is OFF (-noartwork_crop).

-[no]use_backdrops, -[no]backdrop
    Enables/disables the display of backdrops. The default is ON (-use_backdrops).

-[no]use_overlays, -[no]overlay
    Enables/disables the display of overlays. The default is ON (-use_overlays).

-[no]use_bezels, -[no]bezel
    Enables/disables the display of bezels. The default is ON (-use_bezels).

-[no]use_cpanels, -[no]cpanel
    Enables/disables the display of cpanels. The default is ON (-use_bezels).

-[no]use_marquees, -[no]marquee
    Enables/disables the display of marquees. The default is ON (-use_bezels).

  Screen options

-brightness value
    Controls the default brightness, or black level, of the system screens. This option does not affect the artwork or other parts of the display. Using the MESS UI, you can individually set the brightness for each system screen; this option controls the initial value for all visible system screens. The standard value is 1.0. Selecting lower values (down to 0.1) will produce a darkened display, while selecting higher values (up to 2.0) will give a brighter display. The default is 1.0.

-contrast value
    Controls the contrast, or white level, of the system screens. This option does not affect the artwork or other parts of the display. Using the MESS UI, you can individually set the contrast for each system screen; this option controls the initial value for all visible system screens. The standard value is 1.0. Selecting lower values (down to 0.1) will produce a dimmer display, while selecting higher values (up to 2.0) will give a more saturated display. The default is 1.0.

-gamma value
    Controls the gamma, which produces a potentially nonlinear black to white ramp, for the system screens. This option does not affect the artwork or other parts of the display. Using the MESS UI, you can individually set the gamma for each system screen; this option controls the initial value for all visible system screens. The standard value is 1.0, which gives a linear ramp from black to white. Selecting lower values (down to 0.1) will increase the nonlinearity toward black, while selecting higher values (up to 3.0) will push the nonlinearity toward white. The default is 1.0.

-pause_brightness value
    This controls the brightness level when MESS is paused. The default value is 0.65.

-effect [none|filename[.png]]
    Name of a PNG file to use for visual effects, or 'none'. Default is 'none'.

  Vector rendering options

-[no]antialias, -[no]aa
    Enables antialiased line rendering for vector systems. The default is ON (-antialias).

-beam value
    Sets the width of the vectors. This is a scaling factor against the standard vector width. A value of 1.0 will keep the default vector line width. Smaller values will reduce the width, and larger values will increase the width. The default is 1.0.

-flicker value
    Simulates a vector "flicker" effect, similar to a vector monitor that needs adjustment. This option requires a float argument in the range of 0.00-100.00 (0=none, 100=maximum). The default is 0.

  Video options

-video [soft|opengl|none]
    Specifies which video subsystem to use for drawing:
    soft uses software rendering, which is slower but more compatible.
    opengl uses OpenGL and your graphics accelerator to speed up many aspects of drawing MESS including compositing artwork, overlays, and bezels, as well as stretching the image to fit your screen.
    none does no drawing and is intended for CPU benchmarking.
    Default is SOFT.

-[no]window, -[no]w
    Run MESS in either full screen or a window. This is a fully-featured window mode where the window resizes as necessary to track what the system does. And you can resize it yourself with your OS's standard window controls. The default is OFF (-nowindow).

-[no]maximize, -[no]max
    Controls initial window size in windowed mode. If it is set on, the window will initially be set to the maximum supported size when you start MESS. If it is turned off, the window will start out at the smallest supported size. This option only has an effect when the -window option is used. The default is ON (-maximize).

-[no]keepaspect, -[no]ka
    Forces the correct aspect ratio. This means when you're resizing the window in windowed mode the actual system image will resize in discrete steps to maintain the proper shape of the system graphics. If you turn this off you can resize the window to anything you like and get funny squishing and stretching. The same applies for full-screen. Default is ON (-keepaspect).

-[no]unevenstretch, -[no]ues
    Allow non-integer stretch factors. Video purists should stay far, far away from this option, while everyone else will be happy to know that it lets you fill the screen properly in full-screen mode. Default is ON (-unevenstretch).

-[no]centerh
    Center horizontally within the view area. Default is ON (-centerh).

-[no]centerv
    Center vertically within the view area. Default is ON (-centerv).

-[no]waitvsync, -[no]vs
    Enable waiting for the start of VBLANK before flipping screens; reduces tearing effects. Default is OFF (-nowaitvsync).

-[no]syncrefresh, -[no]srf
    Enable using the start of VBLANK for throttling instead of the game time. Default is OFF (-nosyncrefresh).

  Software video rendering subsystem options
All the options in this group are available only with softare video rendering subsystem (-video soft).

-prescale [value]
    Scale screen rendering by this amount in software. Default is 1.

-scalemode, -sm [none|async|yv12|yuy2|yv12x2|yuy2x2]
    Hardware scaling mode.
    none use software rendering.
    async async overlay.
    yv12 yv12 overlay.
    yuy2 yuy2 overlay.
    yv12x2 yv12 overlay using x2 prescaling.
    yuy2x2 yuy2 overlay using x2 prescaling.
    Default is NONE.

  OpenGL video rendering subsystem options
All the options in this group are available only with OpenGL video rendering subsystem (-video opengl or -video opengl16).

-[no]filter, -[no]glfilter, -[no]flt
    Enable bilinear filtering on screen output. Default is ON (-filter).

-[no]gl_forcepow2texture
    Force power of two textures. Default is OFF (-nogl_forcepow2texture).

-[no]gl_notexturerect
    Don't use OpenGL GL_ARB_texture_rectangle. Turn off if corruption occurs in OpenGL mode, at cost of some performance loss. Default is ON (-gl_notexturerect).

-[no]gl_vbo
    Enable OpenGL VBO, if available, for a performance increase. Turn off if corruption occurs. Default is ON (-gl_vbo).

-[no]gl_pbo
    Enable OpenGL PBO, if available, for a performance increase. Turn off if corruption occurs. Default is ON (-gl_pbo).

-[no]gl_glsl
    Enable OpenGL GLSL, if available, for a performance increase. Default is OFF (-nogl_glsl).

-gl_glsl_filter value
    Enable OpenGL GLSL filtering instead of FF filtering 0=plain, 1=bilinear. Default is 1: bilinear.

-glsl_shader_mame[0-9]
    Preferred custom OpenGL GLSL shader set mame bitmap (from 0 to 9).

-glsl_shader_screen[0-9]
    Preferred custom OpenGL GLSL shader screen bitmap (from 0 to 9).

-gl_glsl_vid_attr
    Enable OpenGL GLSL handling of brightness and contrast. Better RGB system performance for free. Default is ON.

-screen
    Explicit name for all screens; 'auto' here will try to make a best guess.

-aspect, -screen_aspect
    Aspect ratio for all screens; 'auto' here will try to make a best guess.

-resolution, -r
    Preferred resolution for all screens; format is widthxheight[@refreshrate] or 'auto'.

-view
    Preferred view for all screens

-screen[0-3]
    Explicit name of the first|second|third|fourth screen; 'auto' here will try to make a best guess.

-aspect[0-3]
    Aspect ratio of the first|second|third|fourth screen; 'auto' here will try to make a best guess.

-resolution[0-3], -r[0-3]
    Preferred resolution for the first|second|third|fourth screen; format is widthxheight[@refreshrate] or 'auto'.

-view[0-3]
    Preferred view for the first|second|third|fourth screen.

  Full screen options

-[no]switchres
    Affects full screen mode only. Chooses if MESS can try to change the screen resolution (color depth is normally left alone) when in full-screen mode. If it's off, you always get your desktop resolution in full-screen mode (which can be useful for LCDs). Default is OFF (-noswitchres).

-[no]useallheads
    Split full screen image across monitors. Default is OFF (-nouseallhead).

  Sound options

-[no]sound
    Enable or disable sound altogether. The default is ON (-sound).

-samplerate, -sr value
    Sets the audio sample rate. Smaller values (e.g. 11025) cause lower audio quality but faster emulation speed. Higher values (e.g. 48000) cause higher audio quality but slower emulation speed. The default is 48000.

-[no]samples
    Use samples if available. The default is ON (-samples).

-volume, -vol value
    Sets the startup volume. It can later be changed with the user interface (see Keys section). The volume is an attenuation in dB: for example, '-volume -12' will start with -12dB attenuation. The default is 0.

-audio_latency value
    This controls the amount of latency built into the audio streaming. The latency parameter controls the lower threshold. The default is 3; increase to reduce glitches, decrease for responsiveness.

  Input options

-[no]coin_lockout, -[no]coinlock
    Enables simulation of the "coin lockout" feature that is implemented on a number of arcade game PCBs. It was up to the operator whether or not the coin lockout outputs were actually connected to the coin mechanisms. If this feature is enabled, then attempts to enter a coin while the lockout is active will fail and will display a popup message in the user interface. If this feature is disabled, the coin lockout signal will be ignored. The default is ON (-coin_lockout).

-ctrlr controller
    Enables support for special controllers. Configuration files are loaded from the ctrlrpath. They are in the same format as the .cfg files that are saved, but only control configuration data is read from the file. The default is NULL (no controller file).

-[no]mouse
    Controls whether or not MESS looks for a mouse controller to use. Note that in many cases, lightguns are treated as mice by the operating system, so you may need to enable this to enable lightgun support. When this is enabled, you will not be able to use your mouse while running MESS. If you want to get control of your computer back, you will need to either pause MESS or quit. The default is OFF (-nomouse).

-[no]joystick, -[no]joy
    Controls whether or not MESS looks for joystick/gamepad controllers. The default is ON (-joystick).

-[no]lightgun, -[no]gun
    Controls whether or not MESS makes use of lightgun controllers. Note that most lightguns map to the mouse, so using -lightgun and -mouse together may produce strange results. The default is OFF (-nolightgun).

-[no]multikeyboard, -[no]multikey
    Determines whether MESS differentiates between multiple keyboards. Some systems may report more than one keyboard; by default, the data from all of these keyboards is combined so that it looks like a single keyboard. Turning this option on will enable MESS to report keypresses on different keyboards independently. The default is OFF (-nomultikeyboard).

-[no]multimouse
    Determines whether MESS differentiates between multiple mice. Some systems may report more than one mouse device; by default, the data from all of these mice is combined so that it looks like a single mouse. Turning this option on will enable MESS to report mouse movement and button presses on different mice independently. The default is OFF (-nomultimouse).

-[no]steadykey, -[no]steady
    Some systems require two or more buttons to be pressed at exactly the same time to make special moves. Due to limitations in the PC keyboard hardware, it can be difficult or even impossible to accomplish that using the standard keyboard handling. This option selects a different handling that makes it easier to register simultaneous button presses, but has the disadvantage of making controls less responsive. The default is OFF (-nosteadykey).

-[no]ui_active
    Enable MESS user interface on top of emulated keyboard (if present). User interface may be toggled during execution by pressing the key defined with -ui_modekey. Default is OFF (-noui_active).

-[no]offscreen_reload, -[no]reload
    Controls whether or not MESS treats a second button input from a lightgun as a reload signal. In this case, MESS will report the gun's position as (0,MAX) with the trigger held, which is equivalent to an offscreen reload. This is only needed for systems that required you to shoot offscreen to reload, and then only if your gun does not support off screen reloads. The default is OFF (-nooffscreen_reload).

-joystick_map, -joymap map
    Controls how joystick values map to digital joystick controls. See /usr/share/doc/mame-common/config.txt for full details on joymap format.

-joystick_deadzone, -joy_deadzone, -jdz value
    If you play with an analog joystick, the center can drift a little. joystick_deadzone tells how far along an axis you must move before the axis starts to change. This option expects a float in the range of 0.0 to 1.0. Where 0 is the center of the joystick and 1 is the outer limit. The default is 0.3.

-joystick_saturation, -joy_saturation, -jsat value
    If you play with an analog joystick, the ends can drift a little, and may not match in the +/- directions. joystick_saturation tells how far along an axis movement change will be accepted before it reaches the maximum range. This option expects a float in the range of 0.0 to 1.0, where 0 is the center of the joystick and 1 is the outer limit. The default is 0.85.

-[no]natural, -[no]nat
    Allows user to specify whether or not to use a natural keyboard. This allows you to start your game or system in a 'native' mode, depending on your region, allowing compatibility for non-"QWERTY" style keyboards. The default is OFF (-nonatural).

-[no]joystick_contradictory, -[no]joy_contradictory
    Enable contradictory direction digital joystick input at the same time. Default is OFF (-nojoystick_contradictory).

-uimodekey, -umk
    Specifies the key used to toggle between full and partial UI mode.

-[no]keymap
    Enable keymap for non-QWERTY keyboards. Used in conjunction with -keymap_file. Default is OFF (-nokeymap).

-keymap_file keymap_file
    Specifies the full path to the keymap file to be used. A few keymap files are available in /usr/share/games/mess/keymaps.

-joy_idx[0-8] joystick
    With these options you can assign a joystick to a specific index in MESS. Even if the kernel will list the joysticks in a different order on the next boot, MESS will still see the joystick as e.g. "Joystick 2". Use mame -v to see which joysticks are recognized. Default is 'auto'.

-[no]sixaxis
    Use special handling for PS3 Sixaxis controllers. Default is OFF (-nosixaxis).

-lightgun_index[1-8]
    Map lightgun to specific index in MESS.

-videodriver, -vd x11|directfb|auto
    SDL video driver to use; auto selects SDL default.

-audiodriver, -ad alsa|arts|auto
    SDL audio driver to use; auto selects SDL default.

-gl_lib alsa|arts|auto
    Alternative libGL.so to use; auto selects SDL default.

  Input automatic enable options

-paddle_device, -paddle [none|keyboard|mouse|lightgun|joystick]

-adstick_device, -adstick [none|keyboard|mouse|lightgun|joystick]

-pedal_device, -pedal [none|keyboard|mouse|lightgun|joystick]

-dial_device, -dial [none|keyboard|mouse|lightgun|joystick]

-trackball_device, -trackball [none|keyboard|mouse|lightgun|joystick]

-lightgun_device [none|keyboard|mouse|lightgun|joystick]

-positional_device [none|keyboard|mouse|lightgun|joystick]

-mouse_device [none|keyboard|mouse|lightgun|joystick]
    Each of these options controls auto-enabling the mouse, or joystick depending on the presence of a particular class of analog control for a particular system. For example, if you specify the option -paddle mouse, then any system that has a paddle control will automatically enable mouse controls just as if you had explicitly specified -mouse. Note that these controls override the values of -[no]mouse, -[no]joystick, etc.

  Debugging options

-[no]log
    Creates a file called error.log which contains all of the internal log messages generated by the MESS core and system drivers. The default is OFF (-nolog).

-[no]verbose, -[no]v
    Displays internal diagnostic information. This information is very useful for debugging problems with your configuration. Please use the -verbose option and include the resulting information when reporting bugs. The default is OFF (-noverbose).

-[no]update_in_pause
    Enables updating the screen bitmap while the system is paused. This is useful for debuggin in some scenarios (and gets in the way in others). Default is OFF (-noupdate_in_pause).

-[no]debug, -[no]d
    Activates the integrated debugger. By default, the debugger is entered by pressing the tilde (~) key during emulation. It is also entered immediately at startup. The default is OFF (-nodebug).

-debugscript filename
    Specifies a file that contains a list of debugger commands to execute immediately upon startup. The default is NULL (no commands).

-debugger debugger_name
    Name of the debugger to use. Default is AUTO.

-debugger_font, -dfont font_name
    Specifies the font to use for debugging. Default is AUTO.

-debugger_font_size, -dfontsize size
    Specifies the font size to use for debugging.

-[no]oslog
    Outputs the error.log data to the system debugger. This can be used at the same time as -log to output the log data to both targets as well. Default is OFF (-nooslog).

  Misc options

-[no]drc
    Enable DRC cpu core if available. Default is ON (-drc).

-[no]drc_use_c
    Force DRC use C backend. Default is OFF (-nodrc_use_c).

-[no]drc_log_uml
    Write DRC UML disassembly log. Default is OFF (-nodrc_log_uml).

-[no]drc_log_native
    Write DRC native disassembly log. Default is OFF (-no_drc_log_native).

-bios biosname
    Specifies the specific BIOS to use with the current system, for systems that make use of a BIOS. The -listxml output will list all of the possible BIOS names for a system. The default is 'default'.

-[no]cheat, -[no]c
    Activates the cheat menu with autofire options and other tricks from the cheat database, if present. The default is OFF (-nocheat).

-[no]skip_gameinfo
    Forces MESS to skip displaying the system info screen. The default is OFF (-noskip_gameinfo).

-uifont fontname
    Specifies the name of a BDF font file to use for the UI font. If this font cannot be found or cannot be loaded, the system will fall back to its built-in UI font. On some platforms fontname can be a system font name instead of a BDF font file. The default is 'default' (use the OSD-determined default font).

-ramsize, -ram value
    Size of RAM (if supported by driver).

-[no]confirm_quit
    Display confirm quit screen on exit. Default is ON (-confirm_quit).

-[no]ui_mouse
    Display UI mouse cursor. Default is OFF (-noui_mouse).

-autoboot_command, -ab command
    Command string to execute after machine boot (in quotes ""). To issue a quote to the emulation, use """ in the string. Using \n will issue a create a new line, issuing what was typed prior as a command. Example: -autoboot_command "load """$""",8,1\n".

-autoboot_delay [value]
    Timer delay (in seconds) to trigger command execution on autoboot. Default is 2.

-autoboot_script, -script [filename.lua]
    File containing scripting to execute after machine boot.

-[no]http
    Enable local http server. Default is OFF (-nohttp).

-http_port port
    Internal webserver listener port.

-http_path path
    Path to web files. Default is /usr/share/games/mess/web.

-[no]console
    Enable emulator LUA console. Default is OFF (-noconsole).

-newui, -nu
    Use the new MESS UI.

-watchdog value
    Specifies a number of seconds after which MESS should automatically exit if it detects that the emulation has locked up.

SEE ALSO
castool(1), chdman(1), floptool(1), imgtool(1), testkeys(1)

LEGAL NOTICE
Please visit the MAME website for some important legal information:

http://mamedev.org/legal.html